Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges

Published in arXiv preprint, 2025

Recommended citation: Lu, H., Fang, L., Zhang, R., et al. (2025). Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges. arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.19672. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19672

Survey on alignment and safety in large language models.

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